2torial #0413:
Learn2 Understand Soccer (continued)

Know the players

Each team has a maximum of 11 players on the field at once. In addition to a goalkeeper, each team designates players to concentrate on either offensive or defensive strategies. Those on offense (trying to score) are called forwards or strikers, and those playing defense (preventing goals) are known as fullbacks. There are also players that do a little of both--and a lot of running--during a game; they're called midfielders or halfbacks. The sweeper, who plays behind the line of defenders and in front of the goalkeeper, roams to stop offensive threats.

The number of players a team decides to have at each position may change during a game, depending on strategy. Team formations are described by the number of players at each position, starting with the fullbacks and excluding the goalkeeper. The most common formations are:

• Four fullbacks, four midfielders, and two forwards (4-4-2)

• Three fullbacks, five midfielders, and two forwards (3-5-2)

A team is only allowed to make a certain number of player substitutions per game, depending on league rules. In international competition, substitutions are limited to three, and once a player is replaced, he or she may not return to the game. In some cases, injured players won't be immediately removed from the game, in case they can shake off their injury and continue playing. A team is said to be playing "a man down" during these times.

Also on the field is the referee, who enforces the rules and keeps track of the official time during matches, and two assistant referees. The referee may extend a half for a few minutes as an allowance for time lost through substitution and player injuries. Assistant referees monitor the touchlines and signal:

• When a ball is out of play

• Which side should return the ball to play

• If a player is offside

• When a team would like to make a substitution